“Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make
violent revolution inevitable."
John f. Kennedy
DO NOW:
Begin your NoRedInk assignment for the day, once completed move on to the next step.
Answer the question from the quotation below:
“Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable."
(1962)” John F. Kennedy
We have been primarily focusing on violent revolutions and their effectiveness. What are the benefits and potential risks of peaceful protest?
Please write 3-5 sentences regarding your opinion and evidence from previous classwork and research.
I DO:
AMENDMENT I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
What part of the Amendment grants citizens the ability to protest something about the government?
·What part of the Amendment grants citizens the ability to protest
something about the government? Why did the Founding Fathers feel that this was
the most important Amendment when straying away from England?
WE DO:
YOU DO: Watch the two videos on Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King regarding Non-Violence and their stance on revolution. Complete the Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the two influential leaders. Provide at least 5 examples of differences on each side and 5 examples of similarities in the middle space.
Complete your daily assignment on www.noredink.com
The Egyptian Revolution of 2011, also known as the Lotus Revolution, took place following a popular uprising that began on 25 January 2011. It was a diverse movement of demonstrations, marches, plaza occupations, riots, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and labor strikes. Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. There were also important Islamic, liberal, anti-capitalist, nationalist, and feminist currents of the revolution. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and 100 ,000 injured. Protesters also burned upwards of 90 police stations, though international media and politicians attempted to minimize that aspect of the revolt. Protests took place in Cairo,Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt, following the Tunisian revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the long-time Tunisian president.
Grievances of Egyptian protesters were focused on legal and political issues including police brutality, state of emergency laws, lack of free elections and freedom of speech, corruption, and economic issues including high unemployment, food price inflation and low wages. The primary demands from protesters were the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end of emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government and a say in the management of Egypt's resources. Strikes by labor unions added to the pressure on government officials.
“I was born a slave, but nature gave me a soul of a free man….” -Toussaint Louverture
Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)
DO NOW:
Answer the question from the quotation below:
I was born a slave, but nature gave be the soul of a free man..." -Toussaint Louverture
Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution, how did this quote motivate the masses of the revolution? (please answer in 2-3 sentences)
I DO:
The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domonigue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Republic of Haiti. The Haitian Revolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state. Furthermore, it is generally considered the most successful slave rebellion ever to have occurred and as a defining moment in the histories of both Europe and the Americas. The rebellion began with a revolt of black African slaves in August 1791. It ended in November 1803 with the French defeat at the battle of Verrieres. Haiti became an independent country on January 1, 1804.
WE DO:
Wyclef Jean is a native of Haiti, and world renown musical artist who focuses on social justice, equality, and peace.
Starting at 2:27 in the video what does Wyclef Jean want from the government? What is he revolting against? Give at least 5 examples, rewind the video if it help!
YOU DO:
Watch the video and read the following passage and fill out the Anatomy of Revolution graphic organizer:
The Haitian Revolution has often been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had succeeded in ending not just slavery but French control over the colony. The Haitian Revolution, however, was much more complex, consisting of several revolutions going on simultaneously. These revolutions were influenced by the French revolution of 1789, which would come to represent a new concept of human rights, universal citizenship, and participation in government.
In the 18th century, Saint Dominigue, as Haiti was then known, became France's wealthiest overseas colony, largely because of its production of sugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton generated by an enslaved labor force. When the French revolution broke out in 1789 there were five distinct sets of interest groups in the colony. There were white planters -- who owned the plantations and the slaves -- and petit blancs, who were artisans, shop keepers and teachers. Some of them also owned a few slaves. Together they numbered 40,000 of the colony’s residents. Many of the whites on Saint Dominigue began to support an independence movement that began when France imposed steep tariffs on the items imported into the colony. The planters were extremely disenchanted with France because they were forbidden to trade with any other nation. Furthermore, the white population of Saint-Dominique did not have any representation in France. Despite their calls for independence, both the planters and petit blancs remained committed to the institution of slavery.
The three remaining groups were of African descent, those who were free, those who were slaves, and those who had run away. There were about 30,000 free black people in 1789. Half of them were mulatto and often they were wealthier than the petit blancs. The slave population was close to 500,000. The runaway slaves were called maroons; they had retreated deep into the mountains of Saint Dominigue and lived off subsistence farming. Haiti had a history of slave rebellions; the slaves were never willing to submit to their status and with their strength in numbers (10 to 1) colonial officials and planters did all that was possible to control them. Despite the harshness and cruelty of Saint Dominigue slavery, there were slave rebellions before 1791. One plot involved the poisoning of masters.
Inspired by events in France, a number of Haitian-born revolutionary movements emerged simultaneously. They used as their inspiration the French Revolution’s “Declaration of the Rights of Man.” The General Assembly in Paris responded by enacting legislation which gave the various colonies some autonomy at the local level. The legislation, which called for “all local proprietors...to be active citizens,” was both ambiguous and radical. It was interpreted in Saint Dominigue as applying only to the planter class and thus excluded petit blancs from government. Yet it allowed free citizens of color who were substantial property owners to participate. This legislation, promulgated in Paris to keep Saint Dominigue in the colonial empire, instead generated a three-sided civil war between the planters, free blacks and the petit blancs. However, all three groups would be challenged by the enslaved black majority which was also influenced and inspired by events in France.
Led by former slave Toussaint l’Overture, the enslaved would act first, rebelling against the planters on August 21, 1791. By 1792 they controlled a third of the island. Despite reinforcements from France, the area of the colony held by the rebels grew as did the violence on both sides. Before the fighting ended 100,000 of the 500,000 blacks and 24,000 of the 40,000 whites were killed. Nonetheless the former slaves managed to stave off both the French forces and the British who arrived in 1793 to conquer the colony, and who withdrew in 1798 after a series of defeats by l’Overture’s forces. By 1801 l’Overture expanded the revolution beyond Haiti, conquering the neighboring Spanish colony of Santo Domingo (present-day Dominican Republic). He abolished slavery in the Spanish-speaking colony and declared himself Governor-General for life over the entire island of Hispaniola.
At that moment the Haitian Revolution had outlasted the French Revolution which had been its inspiration. Napoleon Bonaparte, now the ruler of France, dispatched General Charles Leclerc, his brother-in-law, and 43,000 French troops to capture L’Overture and restore both French rule and slavery. L’Overture was taken and sent to France where he died in prison in 1803. Jean-Jacques Dessalines, one of l’Overture’s generals and himself a former slave, led the revolutionaries at the Battle of Vertieres on November 18, 1803 where the French forces were defeated. On January 1, 1804, Dessalines declared the nation independent and renamed it Haiti. France became the first nation to recognize its independence. Haiti thus emerged as the first black republic in the world, and the second nation in the western hemisphere (after the United States) to win its independence from a European power.
EXIT TICKET:
Log on to www.edmodo.com and answer the question provided.
Thank you!
Sources:
Thomas O. Ott, The Haitian Revolution 1789-1804 (Knoxville, Tennessee:University of Tennessee, 1973); http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p2990.html - See more at: http://www.blackpast.org/gah/haitian-revolution-1791-1804#sthash.3DHgJKCu.dpuf Declaration of the Rights of Man
·Analyze the
political cartoon below, what do you notice, what is the message that the
illustrator is trying to portray?
Today we are continuing our understanding of revolutions, but instead of just focusing on the American Revolution of the late 18th Century we are venturing into the 20th by studying the Cuban Revolution.
The Cuban Revolution (1953-1959) was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro and its allies against the government of Cuban President Batista. The revolution began in July 1953, and finally ousted Batista on January 1st 1959, replacing the government with a socialist state.
Answer the question that corresponds with the last part of the video:
What is a revolution?
Please Read the section below:
On October 16, 1953, Fidel Castromade a four-hour speech, but it wasn’t one of his long stem-winders to his followers.It was a speech he gave as a prisoner, while being tried in court for leading a small group of rebels in an attack on the Moncada military barracks in Cuba on July 26th. The remarks Castro made during his trial included his famous quotation: “History will absolve me.” (“La historia me absolver.”)
The Moncada Barracks attack was an attempt to start an insurrection against the Cuban dictator Fulgencia Batista. It failed at the time and the men involved were either killed or captured by Batista’s soldiers. But it turned out to be the beginning of the “Cuban Revolution.”
The historical record makes it pretty clear why the revolution happened. Fulgencio Batista was a ruthless dictator. And, he got rich taking cuts and bribes from the U.S. corporations that ran most of Cuba’s major industries and from the American mobsters who ran most of the hotels and casinos in Havana. Meanwhile, most Cubans were poor, uneducated, ill-housed and disenfranchised. In his remarks at his October 16, 1953 trial, Castro reviewed the many political crimes of Batista and his illegitimate presidency. The entire speech is famous among Marxists, but most books of quotations just give the “History will absolve me” line.
Batista made the mistake of not executing Castro after he was found guilty at the trial. Instead, Fidel was put in prison and then – in an even bigger blunder – Batista allowed him to be released in 1955, thinking he was no longer a serious threat.
The following year, Fidel, his brother Raul Castro, and Che Guevara began organizing disgruntled Cuban peasants into a growing revolutionary army. They formed a guerrilla army, a small group of militants that use ambushes, hit and run tactics, and extreme mobility to bring down a larger, less mobile traditional army. A few years later they succeeded in driving Batista out of the country (along with the American corporations and the mob).
Most of the Cuban people supported Castro's revolution because he had promised them to bring back democracy and freedom to Cuba. However, far from calling free democratic elections, Fidel Castro, the master of lie and political cheat, aligned with the Soviet Union and the European Eastern block of communist nations, setting up a Marxist regime in cuba and a new dictatorship, which would last many times longer than the preceding one and would be even crueler, subjecting the island not only to Marxist tyranny, but also extreme poverty. thus, overtime, the people of Cuba would be worse off, economically and politically, than they used to be during Batista's regime. EXIT TICKET:
Please go to www.edmodo.com and log in and complete the question.
